Cognitive development refers to the process by which children acquire, refine, and use mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and thinking. It encompasses various aspects, including intellectual, linguistic, and problem-solving abilities. Pre-operational Stage (2-7 years): Children begin to use symbols and language to represent the world, but their thinking is still egocentric and intuitive. 

Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to recognize and understand emotions in oneself and others, and to use this awareness to guide thought and behaviour. It involves being able to manage one's own emotions and to respond effectively to the emotions of others. 

Components of Emotional Intelligence: 

1. Self-awareness : The ability to recognise and understand one's own emotions and how they impact behaviour. 

2. Self-regulation: The ability to control and manage one's own emotions and impulses. 

3. Motivation: The ability to use emotions to drive motivation and achieve goals. 

4. Empathy: The ability to recognise and understand emotions in others. 

5. Social skills: The ability to effectively communicate and interact with others

Physical development refers to the growth and development of a child's physical body, including their muscles, bones, and nervous system. It encompasses various aspects, including: 

1. Gross Motor Skills : These are the large muscle groups that enable children to move their bodies, such as walking, running, jumping, and throwing. 

2. Fine Motor Skills : These are the small muscle groups that enable children to perform precise movements, such as grasping, manipulating objects, and using utensils. 

3. Coordination and Balance : This refers to the ability to integrate multiple body parts to achieve a specific movement or action. 

4. Physical Fitness : This includes cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition. 

Stages of Physical Development: 

1. Toddlerhood (1-3 years) : Refining gross motor skills, such as walking, running, and jumping, and developing fine motor skills, such as grasping and manipulating objects. 

2. Preschool Age (3-5 years) : Continuing to refine gross and fine motor skills, and developing coordination and balance. 

Social development refers to the process by which children learn to interact and communicate with others, develop relationships, and understand social norms and expectations. It encompasses various aspects, including: 

1. Social Skills : The ability to communicate effectively, cooperate with others, and resolve conflicts. 

2. Emotional Intelligence : The ability to recognize and understand emotions in oneself and others. 

3. Empathy : The ability to understand and share the feelings of others. 

4. Relationships : The ability to form and maintain healthy relationships with family, friends, and community members. 

5. Social Norms : The understanding of unwritten rules that govern human behavior in social situations. 

Stages of Social Development: 

1. Toddlerhood (1-3 years) : Learns to separate from caregivers, explores social interactions, and begins to develop emotional regulation. 

2. Preschool Age (3-5 years) : Develops social skills, such as cooperation, sharing, and communication, and begins to understand social norms.